Tuesday, July 22, 2025

Trump Releases MLK Assassination Files - As Another Desperate Distraction




“Martin King was killed because he had become intolerable.  It was not just that he opposed the war and was going to the bottom line of a number of the major corporations of the United States, those forces that essentially rule the world at this point in time - the transnational entities. 

But more importantly, I think the reason is because he was going to bring a mass of people to Washington in the spring of '68 and that was very troubling."-  Author William Pepper in 2003 speech


"In 1999, our family filed a wrongful death civil lawsuit in Shelby County, Tennessee. The jury unanimously concluded that our father was the victim of a conspiracy involving Loyd Jowers and unnamed co-conspirators, including government agencies as a part of a wider scheme."   - Part of King family statement

The Anti-DEI Trump administration yesterday released nearly a quarter million files pertaining to the assassination of the Rev. Martin Luther King, this in defiance of the King family, e.g.

Trump defies King family, releases decades of FBI files on MLK’s life and assassination


So pardon me if I am suspicious about Trump's motives, given this is the same character who ordered his anti-DEI squad to remove Jackie Robinson's name and history from one gallery even as he gave short shrift to anti-slavery crusader Harriet Tubman. To me, it is easier to believe he's done this simply as another distraction to take some heat off him re: the Epstein files firestorm.  Besides, we know the majority of the released files are from the Hoover FBI stash which aimed to paint MLK as a commie tool and undermine the civil rights movement.  As the King family observes in its statement on the release:

"During our father’s lifetime, he was relentlessly targeted by an invasive, predatory, and deeply disturbing disinformation and surveillance campaign orchestrated by J. Edgar Hoover through the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The intent of the government’s COINTELPRO campaign was not only to monitor, but to discredit, dismantle and destroy Dr. King’s reputation and the broader American Civil Rights Movement. These actions were not only invasions of privacy, but intentional assaults on the truth – undermining the dignity and freedoms of private citizens who fought for justice, designed to neutralize those who dared to challenge the status quo."

Nonetheless the assassination is important given it was as vile as that of JFK and puts the spotlight on the same forces and culprits. Namely LBJ and Hoover.

Philip Nelson's masterful 'Who Really Killed Martin Luther King Jr.: The Case Against Lyndon B. Johnson And J. Edgar Hoover'.

Reveals key details, none of which I warrant will be uncovered in the just released files. After all, anything pointing unambiguously to the actual perps would have either met a woodchipper or incinerator by now, like any critical JFK files. On p. 82, for example, we learn of Hoover's "planning list" in which he had listed three sets of initials:

JFK

RFK

MLK

The significance?  This was the core of the liberal cognoscenti that had to be eliminated to make way for LBJ’s plans including expanding the war in Vietnam and finally attaining the presidency. As Nelson wrote:

"Nothing in the way of planning on the remaining subjects could be started until the first priority was complete: The assassination of John F. Kennedy.  Only when that was done could the remaining actions be put into the gristmill of street-level planning.  After the first target was eliminated in November, 1963, the next two were moved up to the top of the list, and the two men (LBJ and Hoover) whose cooperation in many hidden areas had been underway for two decades, reached a common goal. 

Johnson and Hoover undoubtedly agreed that the next subjects would be planned jointly and simultaneously, because they both knew that time was limited and the plans for each would require long lead times. "


The basis for the above was exposed based on research by author William Pepper,  tracking down Hoover's subsequent communication of his hit list.  This was first conveyed to partner Clyde Tolson then to big mouth Sen. Joseph McCarthy (instigator of the commie witch hunt hysteria in the 1950s) . The latter misfit was to confidentially convey it Russel Adkins.  Clearly, McCarthy was the weak link in the chain in terms of secrecy.  

Beyond that, Nelson shows clearly how Johnson and Hoover worked in tandem to nail the other two targets after they took out JFK.  The key trick with Martin Luther King was to get him to come to Memphis where a SOG hit team could take him out at the Lorraine Motel.  To this end Clyde Tolson was instructed to "make it happen in Memphis".  So it was decided to enlist the help of Memphis mayor Henry Loeb III to "use the city's garbage workers as a catalyst."  Further (p. 83):

"It had to be carefully designed to ensure the target was exactly where they wanted him to be, at the point where the plans and logistics - the men and their equipment - would all be in place. Every contingency would have to be anticipated down to the point of having the patsy - James Earl Ray - on site and ready to be shot and killed, but with a backup plan in place if he wasn't."

Given the scenario worked - but not entirely as planned (Ray wasn't killed but escaped, only arrested later) so it was clear Hoover and Johnson recognized the need for a patsy in every hit they’d undertake.  The Rev. Martin Luther King’s dream lives on today and with better focus and passing years we now know exactly why he was assassinated: because he became a primary opponent of the Vietnam War leading Johnson to feel he was “betrayed” – also that this powerful voice had to be snuffed out.

William Pepper's 1995 book, Orders to Kill)  that an Alpha 184 unit had been in Memphis and the purpose was not at all benign sheds the most light. They were to serve as backup to a hired contract killer (via New Orleans' crime boss, Carlos Marcello)   Doubters can avail themselves of Nelson’s image of the attached orders issued to the 20th AFG Alpha 184 team members.  Let me note before moving on, that such orders could not have come from any old government lackey or official, not even J. Edgar Hoover. No, they could only have come from the top dog himself, Lyndon Baines Johnson.

For those who've been involved in deep politics research, and especially got their "baptism" with the Kennedy assassination, it's abundantly clear the lone nut assassin in the King case is another  cover story. In fact, all the evidence - including from LBJ's role in the Kennedy assassination - masterminding the plan from Big D-   we know he is the one who also engineered the King assassination. And why not? He'd already gotten away with the first assassination via the cover fraud "investigation" known as the Warren Commission.

William Pepper's findings from the 2003 speech he gave:

See Also:

As MAGA world focuses on Epstein, Trump seeks focus on anything else

And:

Statement on the Release of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s Assassination Files – Martin Luther King III and Dr. Bernice A. King - The King Center

And:

Brane Space: Hagiographers Masquerading As Historians: The REAL Reason The Movie 'Selma' Is Being Attacked

Excerpt:

We know from more than a year earlier LBJ had his pal J. Edgar Hoover monitor Rev. King's comings and goings - who he spoke to, who he affiliated with, as well as his motel rooms We also know - despite the Neolib media wanting to cover it up- LBJ had already gotten away with the crime of the century in the JFK assassination, using the bogus Warren Commission as a Potemkin investigation to cover his crime.

LBJ's propensity to remove obstacles by murder was finally uncovered by 1984, in a Dallas Morning News headline article, e.g.


And:

And:
by Thom Hartmann | July 26, 2025 - 5:48am | permalink

— from The Hartmann Report

When the walls start closing in, Donald Trump doesn’t lawyer up: he doubles down. With Epstein’s ghost rattling through the headlines and the threat of explosive disclosures looming, Team Trump has rolled out its most cynical, racially-charged distraction yet: accuse Barack Obama of treason.

It’s not about justice. It’s not about truth. It’s a deliberate psyop meant to hijack the news cycle, enrage the MAGA base, and erase Epstein’s name from every chyron in America.

Which is why it appears that the Trump White House is closing in on the conclusion that the only story that could be “big enough” to blow Epstein off the front pages will be “Obama Committed Treason!”

They’re busily assigning investigators, FBI agents, lawyers, and others in the Justice Department to find everything they can that might implicate our first Black president in having committed High Crimes and Misdemeanors.

» article continues...

And:

by Robert Reich | July 24, 2025 - 5:21am | permalink

— from Robert Reich's Substack

Friends,

Here are the two contradictions lying at the heart of the contretemps over Trump and Jeffrey Epstein:

1. As early as May, Trump knew his name was in the Epstein files. Attorney General Pam Bondi and her deputy informed Trump at a meeting in the White House that his name appeared “multiple times.”

But on July 15, when a journalist asked Trump, “Did [Bondi] tell you at all that your name appeared in the files?” Trump responded, “No, no.”

2. Bondi said in February that Epstein’s client list was “sitting on my desk right now to review.”

» article continues...

Monday, July 21, 2025

Kudos To WSJ's Laura Saunders For Exposing How The Trump-GOP Tax Cuts Deliver Only Slightly More Than Bupkis

 

The news that the tax cuts from the Trump "Big Beautiful Bill" are not all they're cracked up to be has now been revealed in a Friday WSJ piece ('The New Tax Breaks Are Smaller Than You Think', p. B2, July 18). So it's not enough the Reeps are dragging the dollar down to its lowest value (vs. other currencies) in 30 years, they're now bamboozling taxpayers with hocus-pocus tax cuts as well.

According to WSJ Tax Report columnist Laura Saunders, a number of aspects of the new law that have been touted as terrific breaks for taxpayers actually come with limits and "tricks" that "dim their luster."  Let's go through some of these as Ms. Saunders highlights them in her piece:

- The claimed "terrific breaks for tip recipients" are a lot less when examined through the lens of cold accounting. Specifically, the tips deduction does not apply for all workers, it's only up to $25,000 of certain tip income - for both single and joint filers. In addition, the overtime deduction applies only to the 'half' portion of  time-and-a-half pay, not the whole. Further, it's up to only $12,500 for single filers and $25,000 for joint filers per year. If you and a spouse or partner work at a Vegas casino and overtime for tips, you could end up sucking a lot of salt.

- The vaunted SALT - or deduction for state and local taxes is phased down to only $10,000 once a filer's income tops $500,000 - and it comes with a stiff marriage penalty to boot. Transl. that means a couple pays more if they file jointly than if they had filed singly.

  So if that filer's state and local (e.g. property taxes) are totaling $15,000 next year they're out of luck and will actually end up paying more.

- The same holds for the new deduction of $6,000 for taxpayers age 65 and older which phases out beginning at $75,000 of income for single filers, $150,000 for married couples filing jointly (A marriage penalty kicks in for this one too.)

Why on earth provide a bigger benefit for singles and single filers than couples, despite all the blather and blarney about 'family values' from the Trumptards and the Reeps?  Well, because this lot are hypocrites and cynical at heart and believe most of the country comprise low IQ simpletons. Well, in truth, any bunch - whether Catholics, Evangelicals, white women (or men), Gen Z, Hispanics who'd vote a power -hungry, lying felon into office are exactly that. 

Let's back up and take that "expanded SALT deduction".  While the Reepo "Megabill" expands the $10,000 itemized deduction for state and local property, income or sales taxes to $40,000 starting this year, it lapses at the end of 2029. In other words, the now eligible taxpayers will get bupkiss.  

In addition, many of the phaseouts are based on modified adjusted gross income. This then raises filers' income and reduces their ability to  take the break they want. Worse, the new law - hailed as so "beautiful" by Dotard - carries over the marriage penalty from the old law. That means the $40,000 deduction this year is computed per return - not per person.

That means two unmarried partners who are single filers  can expect to get up to $80,000 of total SALT deductions for this year, while their married joint filer neighbors will get only $40,000. Meanwhile, taxpayers who choose "married - filing separately"  get only half the current SALT deduction, or $20,000.

How about them apples?  But wait, we're not done. What about the much ballyhooed new senior deduction? According to Ms. Saunders this tax break is $6,000 per person age 65 and older. It takes effect for this year but will lapse at the end of 2028.  Cynical inclusion of the marriage penalty ensure the breaks garnered, i.e. by a married couple, vaporize even before then.

Ms. Saunders asks why lawmakers give with one hand and take with the other. The main reason, according to one tax expert (Eric Bronenkant of Edelman Financial Engines) is that "budget and political constraints make it hard to enact any tax law."

But my take is more basic: Cynical poltroons like Trump and the Reeps dangle just enough "goodies" (and never go into details) to get too many simpletons to vote against their own best interests.  That's what happened to snooker millions and get a lawless felon tyrant back into power while ensuring millions of the most vulnerable lose protections and health care.

See Also:

Brane Space: All You Need To Know About The 'Big, Beautiful Abomination' - And Why It Must Be Slain In The House

And:

"No One Is 'Gutting' The Safety Net" - How The Wall Street Journal Editors Went Adrift In Their Own Codswallop

And:

by Thom Hartmann | July 19, 2025 - 5:05am | permalink

— from The Hartmann Report

Every day, it seems, we see or hear about another way in which Trump and his lickspittles in Congress and the various federal agencies are tearing down our country, weakening our defenses, pitting Americans against each other, looting our government, and making life harder for everybody except the morbidly rich.

The question nobody seems to have an answer to is, “Why?”

— Is it that, as Craig Unger seems to suggest, that he’s been a Russian agent for decades and is setting us up to lose to the newly-forming Axis of Russia and China?

— Is it that he spent so many years burning with rage and embarrassment at not being accepted by New York high society that he’s just come to hate America?

— Could it be that America-fearing foreign powers that have poured literally billions of dollars into the Trump family are paying him to tear us apart so they’ll never again have to endure the humiliation of having their human, civil, and women’s rights records called out by a future administration?

» article continues...

Friday, July 18, 2025

Bombshell WSJ Story Leaves Dotard Hanging In Wind With Only A Fruitless "Lawsuit" As An Option

                                                                         

                                                         

                                            WSJ header for story that forced Trump's hand


"Now Trump is telling us the courts can decide on releasing the Epstein information. The same courts he tells us are part of the deep state and he ignores on almost every other occasion." -  NY Times comment

The first ever felon president, Donald J. Trump, has finally called for the release of additional documents related to the investigation of convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.  This followed the bombshell publication of an article in The Wall Street Journal , yesterday about a "bawdy" letter bearing Trump’s name that was included in a 2003 birthday album for the disgraced  child sex predator and financier Epstein.

The MAGA winds have howled furiously over the past week, demanding release of the Epstein files - with MAGA star boy Alex Jones even bawling openly about being betrayed by not getting those files.  Which AG Pam Bondi had admitted were "on her desk" in a FOX News interview.  Now, following publication of the Trump -Epstein bromance in The Journal, with excerpts of a letter Dotard sent to Epstein for his 50th birthday back in 2003 - we know such files really exist. How? Because The Journal admitted the letter was part of a "compendium" of material out there, including a special "brown birthday album" from co-perpetrator Ghislane Maxwell.

Last night on ALL In, MSNBC host Chris Hayes led with the WSJ blockbuster story discussing its context with Brandy Zadrozny and former Obama AG Eric Holder. E.g.

WSJ: Trump birthday note to Epstein says, 'May every day be another wonderful secret' | Watch

Ms. Zadrozny noted that she's been following the MAGA cult for some time, and despite the WSJ breakthrough piece many dismiss it as a "hoax" or a "nothing burger."   However, that didn't stop former Trump buddy boy and white supremacist Nick Fuentes from blowing a gasket last night and railing against the "fat Potus" e.g.

Ex-Trump Supporter Rages at ‘Fat’ POTUS Over Epstein Drama: ‘F**k You!’


So it's not yet clear how this latest episode will fully play out in MAGA-land or what fraction will buy into Trump's lies , i.e. it was all a Democratic concoction or plan to blame Epstein's debased acts on him.  (Of course, only a certified moron would believe such horse pockey - or accept Trump bimbo mouthpiece Karolyn Leavitt's admonition to "trust Trump."  Right.  Trust the most compulsive liar in American history.)

In any case, Trump would have had to know the Rupert Murdoch-owned WSJ wouldn't just fire from the hip and had to have all the legal 'ducks' in a row. So either the orange fungus is congenitally stupid or suffering from severe dementia when he made his threats about suing the WSJ.

Trying to not give in - Trump  in a Thursday night social-media post-  said he had directed Attorney General Pam Bondi to “produce any and all pertinent Grand Jury testimony, subject to Court approval!” Bondi wrote on X that she was ready to ask a court Friday to unseal the grand jury transcripts.  But let's not fool ourselves that this is nothing more than a deflection, a feint.  Dotard, Bondi & Company would have had to know in advance that Grand Jury testimony is subject to extreme privacy protections with only narrow exceptions. As Mimi Rocah, former Westchester NY DA has noted, it is unheard of for the DOJ to even be involved in promoting this.  More than likely she offered that it provides Trump with an escape hatch, so he can always blame the court if it falls through. "See, I did all I could for ya, but the Judge let us down, guys!"

The truth, as Lawrence O'Donnell pointed out last night, is that there is vastly more material (e.g. Epstein flight logs, his brown 'birthday album', FBI  302 notes,  videos, photos, client list etc.)  than the grand jury transcripts - which Trump and Bondi have to know the courts aren't likely to release.  Why? Because if Epstein co-defendant Ghislane Maxwell (now serving a 20 yr. sentence) wants a re-trial, she will need to have access to that testimony, those transcripts.

Bondi, a Trump loyalist who had been accused by far-right influencers of abetting an Epstein cover-up, quickly responded with her own social media post on X, vowing to comply: “President Trump — we are ready to move the court tomorrow to unseal the grand jury transcripts,” she wrote. Likely aware - even as she wrote her post- the court will not comply.  What would really make a difference is the WSJ releasing the entire, unexpurgated 'bawdy' Trump letter to Epstein - which JD Vance has actually dared The Journal to do.

According to The Daily Beast:

"Donald Trump has ordered Attorney General Pam Bondi to unseal all of the Jeffrey Epstein-related grand jury transcripts in a frantic Truth Social post, hours after The Wall Street Journal revealed the president was pen pals with the accused sex trafficker.

“Based on the ridiculous amount of publicity given to Jeffrey Epstein, I have asked Attorney General Pam Bondi to produce any and all pertinent Grand Jury testimony, subject to Court approval,” Trump posted. “This SCAM, perpetuated by the Democrats, should end, right now!”

But let's get one thing clear amidst Trump's barrage of lies: the Dems had nothing to do with it! It had been Trump, Bondi and other MAGAs like Dan Bongino and Kash Patel who had pumped this Epstein files stuff for years- trying to tie it to a  nefarious "Deep State."  (Run by the Dems of course) .

The days ahead will show how much staying power the WSJ story has, and who will pay the higher price once key files are exposed to daylight.  I am betting further MAGA fractures will emerge. Meanwhile Trump has vowed to sue Rupert Murdoch and Dow Jones  - the publishers of the WSJ.  Good luck with that, Maestro, but be prepared when they call for hours of depositions under oath and ask all about Trump's relationship with Jeffrey Epstein.  Questions like:

"Why did you say you knew Jeffrey Epstein for fifteen years. Terrific guy"?

"Why did you say publicly he's fun to be with and likes beautiful women as much as I do - and many of them are on the younger side"?

"How many of the ones you saw were on the younger side, Mr. Trump?"

"How old were the ones on the younger side? Why did you say it?"

 "What did you mean by 'wonderful secrets' in that birthday letter to Jeffrey Epstein.?"

In the end, I am betting that he pulls that fruitless, kneejerk response lawsuit when he realizes the costs to him for trying to go through with it. Namely what any and all truthful answers to the WSJ's depositions will expose.

See Also:

Reported birthday card from Trump to Epstein shines new light on their friendship as fallout from files release mounts

  • And:

And:
And:


And:

by Jaime O’Neill | July 19, 2025 - 5:09am | permalink

Dear Mr President,

Well, it seems that there is unusual unanimity about the putative (and likely former) existence of the secret “Trump-And-Other-Celebrity-Reprobates-Screw-Teenage-Girls-At-Jeffrey-Epstein’s-Hideaway” video files. How could they have not existed?

After all, all of America has heard – from your own lips – about your predilection for “grabbing pussy” and your envious admiration of Epstein’s preference for beautiful girls “on the younger side”. And we have all read excerpts from the trial testimony in your 34-count conviction for “sexual abuse”. Who can doubt that when your pal Jeffrey offered you a freebee at his secret island retreat, you would accept? When have you ever turned down a freebee?

» article continues...

And:

by Amanda Marcotte | July 19, 2025 - 5:36am | permalink

— from Salon

We can all see why, despite his many promises at his many trials to take the stand in his own defense, Donald Trump‘s lawyers would not allow it. The former reality TV host’s increasingly frantic efforts to talk his way out of the ballooning outrage over his flagrant cover-up of the Jeffrey Epstein case are backfiring, making him look like nothing more than a man who has a whole lot to hide.

After a decade in which his supporters have exhibited nothing but blind faith in him and his promises, Trump cannot believe they are now demanding that the Justice Department make public the voluminous documents and evidence about the deceased sex offender’s dealings. The president is unable to control his contempt for them. In the last couple of days, on his Truth Social platform and on camera, he’s called them “weaklings,” “stupid” and “foolish.”

» article continues...

And:

by Heather Digby Parton | July 15, 2025 - 5:32am | permalink

— from Salon

To assume that the escalating right-wing meltdown over the Justice Department’s dismissal of the “Epstein files” affair will be a fatal blow to the MAGA cult is very tempting. But it’s probably best to resist that temptation, at least for the moment. Over the years, there have been so many instances that felt as if they had to be the beginning of the end, and they all ended up being false alarms. In each case, the country moved on and Donald Trump only grew stronger. Still, this one has a characteristic that we haven’t seen before: The calls are coming from inside the house.

On July 6, the Justice Department released an unsigned memorandum concluding there was no evidence that convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein kept a “client list” from which he blackmailed powerful figures in politics, finance and entertainment, or that he was murdered in prison, as so many on the right have come to believe. If Attorney General Pam Bondi, and perhaps Trump himself — who was pictured many times over the years in the company of Epstein and his paramour, Ghislaine Maxwell, who is serving 20 years in federal prison for sex trafficking — thought this would draw a line under the whole affair, they were wrong. For a movement that was founded on conspiracy theories in which the powerful, especially those in government, protect themselves, the Justice Department’s memo has turned out to be a major problem.

» article continues...


And:

by Amanda Marcotte | July 16, 2025 - 5:44am | permalink

— from Salon

On Saturday, Donald Trump tried to wave the MAGA base off the growing clamor to release the full case file of infamous sex trafficker Jeffrey Epstein, a close friend of Trump’s who evaded trial in 2019 by killing himself in jail. The president’s intervention seemed to reveal that he’s deeply worried there’s embarrassing or incriminating evidence about him in the Justice Department’s files. The furor, he insisted, is being driven by “selfish people” who are trying to hurt him. He said the files must be fabricated “by Obama, Crooked Hillary, Comey, Brennan, and the Losers and Criminals of the Biden Administration.” Trump’s tirade made it impossible to escape the conclusion that he’s trying to dissuade his voters from believing any damning evidence that may come out.

What was also telling in this defensive screed is how perplexed Trump is over his base’s fixation on this case. He begs them to move on to other conspiracy theories, offering a full menu of alternatives, like JFK’s assassination, Hunter Biden’s laptop and, his personal favorite, the “Rigged and Stolen Election of 2020.” “Let’s keep it that way, and not waste Time and Energy on Jeffrey Epstein, somebody that nobody cares about,” he pleaded with his supporters, as if saying that no one cares about Epstein will somehow make it true.

» article continues...

And:

Excerpt:

For more than a week, the political movement he created has been convulsing with righteous fury over things he and his attorney general have been saying and doing — or rather, not doing — as it relates to the life and death of Jeffrey Epstein.

Mr. Trump keeps commanding his supporters to move on from their fixations over the disgraced financier and registered sex offender. But many of his supporters simply cannot swallow the anticlimactic conclusion that the Department of Justice put forth a week ago when it basically said there was nothing to see here, folks.



Thursday, July 17, 2025

Solving More Difficult Partial Differential Equations (Pt. 4): General Solution of the 1D Vlasov Equation

 In Plasma Physics' comprehensive PH D exams, one 's first problem generally starts with asking for the solution of the 1D  Vlasov-Boltzmann equation:

 f/  t + v  · Ã‘ x f +  v'  Ã‘ v f = 0

A time-independent solution is generally required and I show here how to proceed. Assuming constants of the motion, then df/dt =0, so we have these conditions for the zero order Vlasov equation:

i) f =   f o  + f 1

ii) E =   E o  + E 1

iii) B=   Bo  + B1

 ( f/  t)c     =  0

Then we can write:

v Ã‘ x   f o + q/ m (E o + v x Bo ) · Ã‘ v  f o  =  0

The total derivative  of   f o following the zero order or unperturbed orbit is:

(d f o / dt) o  = 0

For the first order equation we have:

 f 1 /  t  +  v Ã‘ x  f o + q/ m ( E o + v x Bo ) · Ã‘ v  f 1  

= - q/ m ( E 1 + v x B1 ) · Ã‘ v f o

Þ   

( d f 1  / dt ) o   =   - q/ m ( E 1 + v x B1 ) · Ã‘ v f o


We now need to specify the zero order orbit in phase space, viz.

X' (t) = V (t)

V (t) =    q/ m [F 0 (X, t) + V (t)  x B 0..(X, t) ]

Then:   X(t') =  x(t) +  Ã² t1  t  X(t'') dt''

 V(t') =  v(t) +  Ã² t' t  v(t'') dt''


We need to follow the prescription to solve for  f 1  by integrating both sides of the earlier boxed equation, e.g.

 Ã² t-¥    ( df 1 / dt ) o   =  Ã² t-¥   RHS dt'   (zero order orbit)

This leads to the general solution of the linear Vlasov equation:

 f 1  (x, v, t) =  f 1 [X(t'), V(t'), t' =  (-∞)] =

- q/m Ã² t-¥ dt{E 1 [X(t'), t'] +  V(t') x  B 1[X(t'), t'] · Ã‘ v f 0

Suggested Problem:

Show that:

Ñ x · v = 0   and:  Ã‘ v · (E  + v x B )  = 0

And write the resulting partial differential equation.