Wednesday, July 30, 2025

Sad To Say: Trump EPA & Radical Supreme Court Are Determined To Turn Earth Into Another Hellish Venus

 



"The rate of global temperature rise doubled from the first half of the 20th century to the second half. So far in this 21st century, it has doubled again. No points for knowing what it is going to do next. Physical reality doesn't take a breather just because you find it to be inconvenient."-  WaPo comment

Two years ago in a post (Smoke-filled Air, Ochre Skies Provide Preview Of Life At Cusp Of Runaway Greenhouse Effect) I cited a report:  

Planetary ‘Runaway Greenhouse’ Climates More Easily Triggered than Previously Thought (scitechdaily.com)

in which it was noted it's much easier to reach the horrors of the runaway greenhouse effect than previously thought, i.e.:

It might be easier than previously thought for a planet to overheat into the scorchingly uninhabitable “runaway greenhouse” stage, according to new research by astronomers at the University of Washington and the University of Victoria published July 28 in the journal Nature Geoscience. In the runaway greenhouse stage, a planet absorbs more solar energy than it can give off to retain equilibrium. As a result, the world overheats, boiling its oceans and filling its atmosphere with steam, which leaves the planet glowing-hot and forever uninhabitable, as Venus is now.


This isn't hyperbole either. In his 1990 book, 'It's A Matter of Survival' David Suzuki showed how easily a once earth-like world could be converted into another Venus with temperatures hot enough to melt lead:


He also showed (with co-author Anita Gordon) how our planet was already on track to experience the first "year of no seasons" by the year 2040.  That was 35 years ago, and the planet's temperatures have more than doubled since then, bringing us closer to the 'no going back' tipping point.  See:

Despite that, our own leaders seem determined to expedite this hellhole world and devil take the hindmost.  Three years ago, for example, the Supreme Court's rightist nuts and Trump collaborators ruled the EPA lacked the power to regulate CO2 in line with the Clean Air Act,

The planet is baking. But what’s reality to this Supreme Court?

in which Eugene Robinson observed:

"Another day, another utterly catastrophic ruling from the activist hard-right majority on the Supreme Court. This new decision does even wider damage than taking away the reproductive rights of women in this country. It potentially imperils the future of every human being on Earth.

In a 6-to-3 ruling, the court went out of its way to limit the ability of the EPA to meaningfully regulate carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions from existing power plants, under the provisions of the decades-old Clean Air Act.”

As if to corroborate that perfidy, the Trump Environmental Protection Agency yesterday unveiled a proposal to officially rescind the original landmark legal opinion that underpins virtually all of its regulations to curb climate change.

This feral move would end EPA regulations on greenhouse gases emitted by vehicles from lightweight cars to heavy-duty trucks, while also undercutting rules that limit power plant emissions and control the release of methane by oil and gas companies. The EPA’s new proposal - following the corrupt Supreme Court ruling earlier -  argues that Congress, in the Clean Air Act, does not give the agency the authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.  But this is balderdash.  

Recall in 2009 the valid EPA released what is known as the “endangerment finding”. It concluded that greenhouse gases endanger public health and welfare, establishing a legal basis to regulate them as air pollutants under the Clean Air Act. There is nothing sketchy about this and with CO2 concentrations now approaching 430 ppm it means we are rushing toward an irreversible ‘tipping point’ that will precede a runaway greenhouse Earth.

We’re already seeing a prelude in the super hot temperatures – with high humidity- affecting over 180 million Americans, as well as much of southern Europe.

The EPA’s latest proposal seeks to revise the agency’s own past interpretation of the Clean Air Act. Worse,  should the Trump administration’s EPA prevail in court, the rule would severely limit the ability of future presidents to curb fossil fuel emissions. It would emphatically send our planet and all future generations into a catastrophic crackup.

In the words of Zealan Hoover, a former senior adviser to the EPA administrator under President Joe Biden:

This is not just an attack on science but on common sense. The National Climate Assessment provides over 2,000 pages of detailed evidence that climate change harms our health and welfare, but you can also ask the millions of Americans who have lost their homes and livelihoods to extreme fires, floods and storms that are only getting worse.”

Are David Suzuki's warnings about the conversion of our Earth to another Venus about to unfold at an accelerated rate? It seems likely, thanks to a radical Right corrupted high court and an administration saddled with poltroons determined to wreck what's left of our nation as well as our planet.


See Also:

by Karl Grossman | July 31, 2025 - 5:00am | permalink

Trump’s EPA to repeal core of greenhouse gas rules,” was the Reuters headline this week as Lee Zeldin, chosen by Donald Trump to be administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, announced what Reuters said “will rescind the long-standing finding that greenhouse gas emissions endanger human health, as well as tailpipe emission standards for vehicles, removing the legal foundation of greenhouse gas regulations across industries.”

“Zeldin announced the agency’s plan to rescind the ‘endangerment finding’ at a truck factory in Indiana, alongside Energy Secretary Chris Wright, and called it the largest deregulatory action in U.S. history,” reported Reuters.

The move was anticipated.

» article continues...

And:

As CO2 Concentration Hits A New Record The Threat Of Tipping To A More Hostile Global Climate Has Increased

And:

Kids Born Since 2020 Are Justified In Being Terrified By The Coming Climate Catastrophe (New Nature Research)

And:

Smoke-filled Air, Ochre Skies Provide Preview Of Life At Cusp Of Runaway Greenhouse Effect

And:

New UN Report Issues "Code Red" For Humanity On Climate - Is It Hyperbole?

And:

Bjorn Lomberg - Climate Change Clown Has No Clue Concerning Adaptation To A Rapidly Warming World 

And:


Monday, July 28, 2025

The Basics Of Complex Numbers - Part 5 - Principal Values

 For a given complex number z not equal 0, the value of arg(z) that lies in the range:  -p  < qp   is called the “principal value of arg(z)” and is denoted Arg(z).

Thus: Arg(z) = q  where -pq  < p .

The relation between arg(z) and Arg(z) can be set out:

arg(z) = Arg(z) + 2 
p k (where k is an integer)

EXAMPLES:

1) Find the principal value for z = 2/ (i-1)

We can use the basic algebra of complex numbers to obtain: 

z = 2/ (i-1) = -1 –i  

then arg(z) = arctan(1) = p/ 4 since we can let k=0 then arg(z) = Arg(z) = p/4 .


2)  Find Arg(z) for z = 1 –i

We have arg(z) = arctan(y/x) = arctan(-1) = -p /4

So: Arg(z) = arg(z) = -
p /4


3) Find Arg(z) for (1 -i
Ö3)2

z = (1 -i
Ö3)2    = -2 + 3.464i so arg(z)= arctan(-3.464/2)

= arctan (-
Ö3) = (2p /3) = Arg(z)


4) Calculate the principal value of ln(z) when z = 1 +i  and Arg(z) = arg(z) =
p/ 4 which satisfies the requirement for the principal value such that:

-
p < arg z < p, and r = Ö2

Then: ln (z) = ln(r) + i(
q) = ln(r) + i(p /4)

But ln 2 = 0.693, so:

ln(z) = ½(0.693) + 3.14/4(i) = 0.347 + 0.785i


 5) Find the principal value of (-5)

Here, z is a real negative (angle at –
p located on the  real axis) so the principal value of arg(z) is:

Arg(z) = 
p and ln(z) = ln êz + pi  = ln(5) + pi


Suggested Problems:

1. Find the principal value of (1 – i)3

2. Find Arg(z) if z = 2i exp[-i(3
p/ 4)]

3. In general, the identity holds that: Arg(z1 z2) =

Arg(z1) + Arg(z2)

Show it doesn’t hold if :

z1 = (-1 + i
Ö3) and z2 = -(Ö3) + i

4. Find the principal value for log(z) where z =
Ö3 –i

5. Find Arg(z) for:

a) z = 8 [exp i(7
p/ 3)]

b) z = exp(2) exp(i
p)

 

Practical Astronomy Focus: Chromatic Aberration In A Telescopic Lens

As our initial practical astronomy focus we look at chromatic aberration. Chromatic aberration is just a result of dispersion of light rays entering a refracting telescope's objective lens such that not all rays meet at the focus as they should.    Reference to the diagram shown below will help to explain this aberration, compared to how the rays ought to behave (using a compound lens correction):




 Here, the top image shows the effect of chromatic aberration with different rays directed to different locations.  The bottom image shows how the rays ought to behave, i.e. in meeting at one focus.   The source of the aberration is hinted in the name of it "chroma" for color, or wavelength. In this case, we note the component colors of white light possess slightly different wavelengths, i.e. red is longer than yellow, yellow is longer than blue and so on.


Because of the differing wavelengths ( l1,  l2 ..  etc.) we expect the light to be refracted by different amounts on entering an uncorrected lens.  This is because the index of refraction is given by:

n  =  c / v

where c is the speed of light and v is the speed through the medium (e.g. glass).  But c  =  f l   so  if  l  changes then n must too.   Hence, the light rays are refracted (bent) by differing amounts.  In this case, the shorter wavelengths are bent the most  while longer (e.g. red) wavelengths are bent the least.  It can be shown, for example, that a ratio of refractive indices, say n1 and n2 can be expressed:

 l1 /   l2  =  ( c/ n1) /  (c/ n2)  =   n2 /  n1

Taking into account the two angles: Θ1 = angle of incidence, and Θ2 = angle of refraction, we may write:

n1 sin Θ1 = n2 sin Θ2   or    l2  sin Θ1 =    l1 sin Θ2

Or:    l1 /   l2  =  sin Θ2  /   sin Θ1

For blue light to bend more, means that for such a ray, Θ2   is greater than Θ2  for red light.    (Assuming the same angles of incidence  Θ1)  It is an instructive exercise to use the preceding relations to show this is true.  For example, taking a blue wavelength of 400 nm, vs. a red of 700 nm, and taking the same angle of incidence, say Θ1 =   45 deg.

The disparity between focal points accounts for  chromatic aberration, the effect of which is to produce color fringes around an image.  

The correction of this aberration is done by the construction of a 2-element lens which is called an achromatic objective. Hence, when purchasing a refracting telescope this is an attribute you want to look for.   The lower diagram shows how the achromatic objective corrects for the disparity between focal points. 

For this objective one element is concave the other is convex. In addition, one is made of crown glass the other of flint glass so each has a different index of refraction to correct for the unwanted difference of refraction from the chromatic aberration.  The concave element causes incoming light ways to diverge but only enough to correct for the unwanted aberration. 

The lens combination still permits the overall convergence of the incident light to a single focus.   One final point is worth mention: the achromatic objectives designed for visual range observation (such as for astronomical telescopes) are corrected only for the green-yellow region of the visible spectrum.  That is because this region is the one to which the human eye has greatest sensitivity.

Friday, July 25, 2025

Mensa Basic Quadrant Geometry Math Problem

 



Using basic principles of geometry and the circle, find the radius R of the quadrant above. Let O be the center of the smaller circle and ON = 7 units. Let NC =  (R - 8) units.

Hint:  You will need to apply the Pythagorean theorem.






Alas, The U.S. Brain Drain Is Real & Thanks To Dotard Is Becoming The World's Gain

Physics Ph.D. student Cao Fei at Geophysical Inst. in 1986

 

"The rest of the world is going to forge new relationships, attract the best and the brightest away from the US. Major research and scientific advances will more frequently happen elsewhere. The US will become a backwater dominated by racists and religious bigots with an increasingly resentful population, dominated by an oligarchy that steals more and more of the citizens’ future from them and their children. A bleak future awaits this country. 

The erosion of trust in the US won’t be restored by a Democrat in the White House because the rest of the world knows that they are only ever 4 years away from another belligerent, ignorant demagogue, elected by an increasingly dumbed down population." - NY Times comment



The news that the Trump administration has triggered a catastrophic "brain drain" has been known for several months, since cuts made at NOAA, NASA and university grants. Indeed, while attending the Solar Dynamic Observatory "Helio Hive" workshop in Boulder back in February this year, e.g.

Looking Back On Last Week's Solar Dynamics Workshop - One Of The Best Meetings I've Ever Attended

 We learned from organizer Dean Presnell that "up to ten percent of those giving presentations could be joining breadlines by September".  This was thanks to the deranged DOGE- inspired cuts at NOAA.  

Breadlines? It is just as likely they will be off to more hospitable countries, namely those that will welcome foreign physicists, space physicists, astronomers and engineers.  But don't take my word for it.  WSJ columnist Chris Mims makes pretty well the same prediction in his recent column 'America's Brain Drain Could Become The World's Brain Gain' (Business Exchange, p.B2, July 11).  As Mims puts it in his opening paragraph: 

"The U.S.'s dramatic research and funding cuts and changes to skilled worker immigration policies, threaten one of its greatest economic advantages: people -powered innovation. But the rest of the world stands to benefit."

Indeed! I still recall talking with my Chinese office mate Cao Fei before leaving the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska- Fairbanks, in May, 1986.  This was after completing my own research assistantship in space physics. It turned out Cao Fei, (see top photo) would be staying another two years after developing a first of its kind numerical simulation program for auroral plasma. A sketch he left with me is instructive, showing how he began by computing the drift velocity in a typical magnetospheric 'bounce period', e.g.

                                         Cao Fei's calculations for his numerical simulation

He explained this work, if successful, could ultimately lead to showing how  the existence of strong currents along magnetic field lines  - which close through the ionosphere - lead to magnetic perturbations during times of strong magnetospheric activity. 

I don't know how it turned out as I left to continue my own solar flare research in Barbados, leading to publication of a paper in Solar Physics Letters within a year, e.g.

1987SoPh..112..387S Page 387

Whether Cao completed his own numerical simulations to do with the aurora I can't say, but I am fairly confident he did and remained in his research assistantship at the Institute. In today's chaotic era of Trumpian ignorance and short sightedness, it's likely he'd have been forced to return to Beijing University.

Mims' further observations on our current state of affairs is as troubling as his opening paragraph:

"A March 2025 survey by the journal Nature of more than 1,600 scientists in the U.S. found that three quarters have considered leaving the country. Respondents specifically cited the Trump administration's hostility to scientific research and those who practice it."

Especially foreign students I might add.  As Mims goes on:

"Historically, three quarters of international students who earn a Ph.D. in the U.S. have stayed long term.  America's ability to retain these workers - who are not just highly trained but expensive to educate - has been one key to the country's pre-eminence in innovation."

So why toss that into the dustbin leaving the Chinese, EU and others to pick up the talent and leave us in the proverbial dust? Well, because the country has allowed itself to have its scientific talent and resources destroyed by the deranged DEI mind virus, used as an excuse to destroy and pillage since Trump arrived back in power.

The insanity of it all becomes apparent when, as Mr. Mims points out, the impact will be on our economy as well - which for too long the 6-time bankruptcy claiming orange fruitcake has been given credit for.  As per a finding by economists at American University, a 25% cut in public research and development spending would eventually reduce  the nation's gross domestic product by 3.8 percent a year. 

"This is on a par with what we experienced during the Great Recession of 2007-09."   

To make matters worse,  Mims notes the god-awful Trump-GOP "Megabill" saw :

"America's leaders double down on slashing budgets for the country's key research bodies."

As one economist put it on Chris Hayes' ALL In last week, this constitutes an "own goal" in soccer parlance.  In our case, a Mega unforced error to impact our country for decades.  What was Trump and Co. thinking? Well, they weren't. They simply went on  a blind rage anti DEI rampage - and let the bodies (and money) fall where they may.

In the words of Nobel laureate Frances Arnold, quoted in the WSJ piece:

"At stake today is our position as a worldwide beacon for brilliant minds, which now will be going elsewhere - given the lights have been dimmed in the U.S."

 Trump and his rabid anti-DEI minions have effectively ensured the U.S. will race to second class nation status as the Chinese leapfrog us on every front. It needn't have been so, but too many ignorant voters in the 2024 general election preferred a bombastic felon over an intelligent woman of "DEI" background.  

See Also:

Savage DOGE Cuts Hit Astronomy- Space Science Research & They May Well Be Beyond The Point of Recovery

And:

by Thom Hartmann | July 19, 2025 - 5:05am | permalink

— from The Hartmann Report

Every day, it seems, we see or hear about another way in which Trump and his lickspittles in Congress and the various federal agencies are tearing down our country, weakening our defenses, pitting Americans against each other, looting our government, and making life harder for everybody except the morbidly rich.

The question nobody seems to have an answer to is, “Why?”

— Is it that, as Craig Unger seems to suggest, that he’s been a Russian agent for decades and is setting us up to lose to the newly-forming Axis of Russia and China?

— Is it that he spent so many years burning with rage and embarrassment at not being accepted by New York high society that he’s just come to hate America?

— Could it be that America-fearing foreign powers that have poured literally billions of dollars into the Trump family are paying him to tear us apart so they’ll never again have to endure the humiliation of having their human, civil, and women’s rights records called out by a future administration?

» article continues...

Wednesday, July 23, 2025

Parker Solar Probe Provides Closest, Most Spectacular Views Ever Of The Sun

 

Artist's conception of Parker Solar Probe approaching the Sun.
                       Still image of CME eruption as captured by Parker Probe.


It seems like only yesterday I was predicting spectacular views of the Sun when (and IF)  the Parker solar probe approached within 4 million miles. And that post was back on June 3, 2017, eight years ago.  Now, in recent news we learn this marvelous space craft has actually flown 3.8 million miles above the Sun's surface - back in December.  But the fruits of that close approach have only recently been released. Among the most sensational are three coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in close succession - which you can get a perspective of in this dynamic video:

NASA's Parker Solar Probe's Closest Images of the Sun


But that's not all.  The Heliospheric current sheet - part of the solar wind- is also seen and adds to the unique perspective. In the images, the heliospheric current sheet can be seen more clearly and brightly than other parts of the solar wind. From about 90 million miles away, other images showed the current sheet as just a bright ray.

The images were collected when the Parker Solar Probe made its closest approach to the sun on Dec. 24. At 3.8 million miles away, it flew through the solar atmosphere at 430,000 mph — a record speed for any human-made object. After about two days, it sent a signal back to Earth and indicated that it not only survived the historic journey but was also operating normally. The onboard camera, called the Wide-Field Imager for Solar Probe, or WISPR, collected numerous snapshots still to be released.

Something humans are now seeing - at this time and place- for the first time in human history. Our own star on which all life depends, heaving in spectacular eruptions that dwarf our world.  But get set because this is not the end, and at least one more close approach is expected - again, assuming the Trump bunch doesn't cut space-NASA spending too much!

According to project scientist Nour Rawafi of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, which built and operates the spacecraft:

These successive events coming from the sun actually are the biggest threat to Earth in terms of space weather,” 

He wasn't just whistling Dixie.  When successive events - such as CMEs - combine as we see in the released video, they can trigger powerful geomagnetic storms on Earth.  One of the most powerful lashed Quebec in 1989.  Induction currents of up to 1 million amps shut down the Quebec power grid for hours causing no end of consternation.


See Also:

NASA captures closest-ever images of the sun

And:

Brane Space: Parker Solar Probe Provides Hitherto Unknown Insights Into The Corona

And:

Brane Space: 'Magnetic Switchbacks' Now The Focus Of Parker Solar Probe's Plumbing of Solar Corona

And:

Brane Space: Coronal Mass Ejections In The Context Of Collisionless Shocks

And:

Brane Space: Can We Predict Geomagnetic Deviations In The Earth's Magnetic Field?

Solution to Solving More Difficult Partial Differential Equations (P. 4): The Vlasov Equation

The Problem again:

Show that:

Ñ x · v = 0   and:  Ñ v · (E  + v x B )  = 0

And write the resulting partial differential equation.


 Solutions:


Ñ x · v = 0 because x and v are independent phase variables.

 Ñ v · (E  + v x B )  0   because:

a)  E is a function of x only, independent of v so: Ñ v · 0
b) Ñ v · ( v x B )  

 (v y zv z y) / ¶ v x   (v z Bxv x z) /  v y  +

 (v x Bv y Bx) / ¶ v z    0 + 0 + 0 =  0

The resulting Vlasov partial DE can be written:

 f/  t + v  · Ñ x f +  q/m (E  + v x B ) · Ñ v f = 0

Or:

 f/  t + v  · Ñ x  · q/m (E  + v x B ) · Ñ ] f = 0