Monday, May 13, 2024

Solutions to Quantum Mechanics Problems

 Solutions to the state function problems from last week:

1) Given eigenvalues an  and eigenvectors un of the operator  A^   find the eigenvectors if:

A^  is of the diagonal form (e.g. for the matrix)

 (a1 …….0)

 (0……  a2)

Solution:

| u1 >   

u2 >   


2)  In a quantum mechanics exam a student writes for the normalization condition:< y | y > =    ò |< y | x >| dx =       1

Rewrite the above equation as it should be given

Solution:

< y | y > =   ò < y | x ><x |y > dx =     ò |< y | x >|2  dx =    1

3) Prove that the eigenvalue a  for an observable operator A^  is real.

Solution:

If a is any eigenvalue of  A^ then:

A^ | a >  =    a| a >

A^ (x ,  /  x) <x| a >   =    a<x| a >

Then we can multiply  by <a | x > and integrate:

ò <a | x > A^ (x ,  /  x) <x |a > dx =  a ò <a | x ><x |a > dx

Note the left hand side is real and <a | a >  is the normalization integral, which is real by def.  Hence, a is real.

4) Let a1  and  a2  be different eigenvalues of  A^ .   Find: 

A^ | a1 >  and A^ | a2 >  and thence show:

<a1| A^ |a2 >    =   a2 <a1 | a2  >

Solution:

A^ | a1 >  =       a1 | a1 >

A^ | a2 >  =       a2 | a2 >

Then:

<a2| A^ |a1 > =  a1 <a2 | a1  >

<a1| A^ |a2 >    =  a2 <a1 | a2  >

Taking the complex conjugate and using:

< y |A^ |y > =   < y |A^ |y >*

So:

<a1| A^ |a2 >    =   a2 <a1 | a2  >


5) Show that u(x) = exp -(½x 2)   is an eigenfunction of the operator:

A^ (x ,  /  x)  =  (  2 /  x2   -  x2 )


Solution:

A^ (x ,  /  x) u n(x)    =   an  u n(x)

So:

(  2 /  x2   -  x2 ) exp -(½x 2)   =   a  exp -(½x 2)   

x 2   exp -(½x 2) -   exp -(½x 2) -  x 2   exp -(½x 2)  = a  exp -(½x 2)  

-   exp -(½x 2)   =  a  exp -(½x 2)  

Then:  a = -1


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