Showing posts with label Bruce Ames. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Bruce Ames. Show all posts

Wednesday, October 31, 2018

Scarier Than 'The Exorcist', Michael Myers And A Zombie Herd: Brominated Flame Retardants


Some of the many products in our homes bearing brominated flame retardants.

According to two chemists (Arlene Blum and Bruce Ames) based at the University of  California - Berkeley, and published in Science:

"The main flame retardant in children's pajamas is a mutgen and should not be used."

To be specific, the culprit ingredient is known as tris (2,3 -dibromopropyl) phosphate, or Tris-BP for short, a frontline flame retardant. It's main claim to infamy is not only as a likely carcinogen, but a factor for sterility in animal studies. It also features a chemical composition alarmingly similar to ethyl dibromide (EDB) the lead scavenger and also used as a fumigant for crops.

As with the notable work of Devra Davis ('The Secret History of the War On Cancer') who exposed the multiple ways chemicals in the environment are the primary cancer agents, so also Blume and Ames have exposed the danger of chemicals in flame retardants - which are now ubiquitous in all manner of products.

Since the 1970s, when the use of brominated flame retardants exploded,  Tris -BP has found ways to enter the ecosystem.   The ramping up of brominated flame retardants occurred largely owing to a misjudgment of California state regulators in dealing with increased house fires caused by cigarettes. Prior to the 70s it had been known that cigarette makers had been adding chemicals to make cigs last longer, up to ten minutes. This led to many house fires, as people smoking in bed would inevitably nod off before they knew the bedroom was in flames.  State regulators and legislators then called on manufacturers to develop cigs less likely to start fires.

But the tobacco industry cleverly shifted the blame from its products to common household furniture and wares that were too "flammable" .  (In one case describing a foam couch as laden with "solid gasoline") Then, in 1975, a California state agency enacted a regulation that was a godsend for chemical manufacturers.  It mandated a rule that all furniture offered for sale was required to withstand 12 seconds of exposure to an open candle flame.  The Ethyl Corporation then rushed to produce products to satisfy the reg - the rest as they say, is history.  Brominated flame retardants since have found their way into a dizzying array of household items - not just furniture, but carpeting and flooring materials, bedding, baby products, computers, televisions and other electronic equipment, as well as cars, boats and aircraft.

Worried about your kid  ingesting too much candy, or watching too many zombie flicks e.g.

Then you're perhaps targeting the wrong culprits, and maybe ought to look at his or her bedding, PJs,  Ipad, iPhone, or even backpacks - for brominated flame retardants.

What's the fuss about? Blum and Ames in their research discovered that  Tris-BP inevitably turned up in the ecosystem via wastewater from laundry. They found that six bedsheets treated with Tris- BP and washed in 30 gallons of water resulted in 6 parts per million of the toxin in the wash water- this despite only 1 ppm needed to kill goldfish.


They also found that, like many other flame retardant chemicals, Tris-BP leached readily into the bodies of people who treated fabrics.  As they were quoted in The NATION investigatory piece ('Worse Than Lead?)  from which the bulk of this information was gathered (Sept. 2018, pp. 15-20):

"We found a child who'd never worn Tris-treated pajamas. We had the child wear Tris-treated pajamas for one night and later found Tris-breakdown products in her urine."

Blum added (ibid.) "It was easily picked up and screamingly mutagenic."

No surprise perhaps that three months after the Blum and Ames paper was published, the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned brominated Tris in children's clothing. How did the manufacturers respond? Well,  they just substituted a new product: chlorinated Tris - still carcinogenic but doesn't show up in the urine quite so fast.

Needless to say the PR mills of the flame retardant makers have been working overtime to cast Blum and Ames as too fussy scientific provocateurs and merely stirrin

Flame Retardants: Debate Still Being Driven By Outdated Science and …


The ACSH's  arguments might carry much more ballast had Devra Davis not already exposed the chicanery of the American Chemical Industry in spreading its toxins all over tarnation. Also, it might help if they weren't an industry-friendly  PR front outfit,  Seg up a storm in a teacup. See .e.g
e, e.g.

https://usrtk.org/hall-of-shame/why-you-cant-trust-the-american-council-on-science-and-health/ 


See also a recent lecture by Devra Davis on why chemical, tobacco companies etc. can't be trusted  here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkL2A78dJkE

Tuesday, December 17, 2013

Vitamins Are Useless? If They Are - So are STATINS!











Comparison histogram showing how nutrients in cornmeal have declined from 60 years ago.



Once more the PhrMA -backed establishment research clowns have performed more of their bogus studies and concluded  "Case closed!" (where have we seen that before?) and that "vitamins confer no benefit and are essentially useless".  How many times have we heard this codswallop and how often have they regurgitated it in the lapdog corporate press?  Of course, we are informed - as this morning on CBS Early Show - that "this is the definitive study!"  Yeah, right.

It's no secret there is an entrenched "anti-vitamin" industry in this country, based on phony medical or statistical tests, that has been trying for decades to convince people not to "waste money on vitamins", arguing that the only result is "very expensive urine".   But what they don't tell you - never will - is the extent to which our modern veggies, crops have been diluted in nutrients!

I have a graphic above which compares the selected nutrients in cornmeal to those from 60 years earlier.  Just look at the comparisons for thiamin, riboflavin and niacin and try to tell me that you can obtain the same benefit by eating the foods containing them, instead of taking the supplements. Any such person would have to be a dupe or a moron.

Take the calcium content of broccoli. Widely grown varieties in 1950 had about 13 mg/g of calcium but today's varieties provide only about 4.4 mg/g of calcium. Similar proportionate declines have been documented in meat, eggs, and dairy products.  If you are going to be foolish enough then, to depend on foods for all the calcium you need - you are going to pay when bones are broken -say from a fall on ice.

I have been taking a calcium supplement for over 20 years now, and in that time have experienced 7 falls on ice. Not one of those times met with a broken bone - but I can't claim the same had I not taken a calcium supplement and depended only on foods, milk etc. Some skeptics might argue it's the genes, not the calcium, but my dad experienced a fall in 2005 - hip fracture- which left him frail and vulnerable afterwards.  He was never the same, with the same energy and strength afterward.

Research on nutrient decline by biochemist Bruce Ames shows the following:

- Over the last 50 years, the amounts of protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, riboflavin, and vitamin C in conventionally grown fresh fruits and vegetables has declined by 50% or more.

- Wheat grown 100 years ago had twice as much protein as modern versions.

- Most of our agri-food crops, from lettuce, to broccoli, tomatoes, cauliflower, beans, peas, cabbage, etc. are so diluted that one would have to eat two to three times the amount daily to obtain an equal nutrient value to what one had in the 1960s. Thus, to do totally without vitamins, get set to eat four cauliflowers, three whole broccoli heads, eight oranges, five bananas (for potassium), ten tomatoes and three pounds of peas or beans!

In other words, in order to replace the nutrients, vitamins you're not getting you'd have to consume vastly larger quantities of veggies - and to absurd proportions! Who the hell is going to eat ten tomatoes, or three pounds of peas or beans in a day, or drink two gallons of milk? Give me a break! 

But this is what the anti-vitamin scolds want you to believe!   The most often cited reason for the declines is the increased use of fertilizers and genetically modified crops to boost yields to feed larger world population. The problem is this has come at the expense of the nutrient density of the crops.

Now, in the interests of being unbiased, they did get some things correct, but these are things most who take vitamins already know:

- You leave Vitamin A (e.g. in beta carotenes) alone because it's too easy to overdose on it with negative results.

- taking large surplus amounts of Vitamin E can (possibly) cause prostate cancer

- Don't fuck around with "exotics" like Ginkgo Biloba or Yohimbe root.

On the other hand, people in their elder years (over 65) need more vitamin D (in the form of D3) and they simply can't get this from foods - and they'd have to remain hours in the Sun (risking skin cancer) to get it otherwise. They also need at least 1,000 mg of Vitamin B-12 per day to avoid mental decline caused by deficiencies in this vitamin as they age. In addition, they ought to be taking a good B-complex at least four times a week, and calcium - magnesium (which is important for metabolic activity and which too few Americans get enough of.)

On the other hand, statin drugs are being pushed as some kind of a godsend or pharmaceutical elixir on millions. Why? To earn huge profits for Big PhrmA (and don't anyone hand me that crap peddled by the Neoliberal media that widespread generics will soon bring the costs down. No, the companies won't allow that to happen- even if they have to continually change one molecule to preserve a patent.)

Furthermore, according to the most robust statistical studies done, statins DON'T work! The statistics have been fudged! This  was first reported by FORBES in 2008 wherein outcomes from a control and statin-taking group were compared per capita for heart attacks. In the control (placebo) group there occurred 2 heart attacks per capita, and in the statin-takers there occurred 1 heart attack per 100. The results were then touted as "Statins reduce risk of heart attacks by 33%".

Thus:

(2 - 1)/3 x 100% = 1/3 x 100% = 33%

Which was duly reported by the hobbled corporo-media and which had many people thinking: 'Wow! I need to get statins, because hey -- if there could be 1,000 likely to get 'em and 333 didn't because of taking statins, I wanna be in that number!"

Trouble is, there was no such magnitude of success, and the actual difference per capita for the trials was kept hidden, well, at least until FORBES exposed them.

It is entirely plausible that a similar "result" was obtained for the margins of difference in prostate cancer arising from taking vitamin E, but this time - because portions of the media were on to the ginnied stats, they decided to admit that in actual fact, the results were not significant. But with "health" reporting you can be certain if nothing else that the Neoliberal profiteers are massaging the numbers.

Of course, there are tests that can bear this out! They are contingent on knowing actual sample sizes and then using the text to obtain the confidence level or level of significance.

For example, the well-known 'z-test' compares effects for two designated populations, P1 and P2, which have associated sample sizes N1 and N2. If the distinct outcomes for each population sample are then denoted by x and y, respectively, one can denote the separate populations in terms of the outcomes using:

P1 = x/N1 and P2 = y/N2

The z-statistic is then computed using:

z = (P1 - P2)/ [PQ {1/N1 - 1/N2}]^½

Where,

P = (x + y)/N1 + N2

is a pooled population and Q = (1 - P) (the variance of (P1 - P2) is the quantity in the denominator of the right -hand side in the expression for z)

Clearly, if a null hypothesis is applied such that no difference in outcomes is expected, one could have:

x/N1 = y/N2

or very close to that.

Now, here is a key element, we will know that z possesses a standard normal (e.g. Gaussian) distribution - see graph below:

if N1 and N2 are large. But, if the samples are too small, all bets are off and it is derelict to apply the z-test. For rejection of the null hypothesis (i.e. accepting a significant difference in outcomes) the obtained z-value cannot be less than 1.96 or the upper 5% of the standard normal distribution.

In effect, I'd surmise what the current anti- vitamin research is all about is not attaining this threshold for the tests they employ, which may not be the same as the z-test.

In the case of vitamins- supplements, we know that ever since Durk Pearson's outstanding research on the benefits of vitamins in the 1970s, government and Big Pharma has been out to quash the very notion of supplements as useful. Why express surprise? We are talking of the Corporate State and it protects its interests! The polluted politicians know that if Big Pharma's profits are affected - especially by a bleed off from people spending on vitamins, supplements - they will lose campaign donations from the Big Pharma lobbies for the next election cycle. Duh!

Now, since most government agencies already operate on the basis of "the fox guarding the henhouse" in terms of regulations, it makes sense that at any given time a particular agency that's been taken over by corporate power will inveigh against those interests it deems a threat...say to PhRmA's enormous profits, and hence campaign donation capacity. Thus it is that so many of the politicians seek to stamp out even medical marijuana because they know it will dent PhRma's profits - just as the medical establishment now joins the fray to try to put a lid on vitamin purchases.

We cannot, CANNOT - have the little guys enjoying so much cost-savings with vitamins to stay healthy when they could spend a LOT more on prescription drugs - if they didn't take vitamins and became unhealthy!  I mean, think of it! If they can just get these little hardheads to stop taking a Vitamin C, magnesium,  Vitamin D, or even just an aspirin each day - warning them off it - they will get their cholesterol and other numbers bad enough to warrant the prescription of costly statins! PROFITS! Wa-HOO! (And even better, if the hoi polloi get liver or kidney disease, croak and don't live long enough to get any "entitlements"!)

 Now, if anyone thinks this is "conspiracy thinking" I invite them to read the front page story in the Sunday New York Times on how the drug establishment is hyping 'attention deficit disorder' to spur sales of ADD drugs and boost profits - including for adults! (The next "challenge" according to the piece).   In much the same way, statins have now been approved for use by many more millions. Under the new advice, 33 million Americans — 44 percent of men and 22 percent of women — would meet the threshold for taking a statin. Under the current  (not yet revised) guidelines, statins are recommended for only about 15 percent of adults. You see where this is going?

Having taken over 14 vitamins and supplements for nearly 37 years I am not about to stop now, no matter what new "studies" proclaim. Also, as a person versed in statistics, I will have to see ironclad STRONG (not marginal) statistical evidence that a given outcome from use of a particular supplement is bad. Until that happens, all these specialists in negative vitamin research can go fart in the wind. It will be about that much difference to me in terms of whether they impact my thinking.

Lastly, and in my opinion trumping any inflated and bogus studies,  I was gratified when in 1998, after years of skepticism over my vitamin taking, my then physician finally admitted to me openly during a physical exam that she'd been wrong, and she now concurred with my vitamin and mineral supplement regimen. As she put it:

"Well, I did the research ....all over the place, and I have to admit now that people simply can't get all the nutrients they need from food. It's all been so diluted, that a person would need to eat massive volumes just to get the minimum RDAs of one vitamin, far less what you're taking. So keep on keeping on..."

I wish these other bought and paid for tools would also do the research, as opposed by being paid by Big PhrMA to do their brand of pseudo -research.

"Case closed?" Ha! No more than the JFK assassination case!

Tuesday, December 13, 2011

As We've suspected: Our Nutritional Sources Have Been Diluted






In a previous blog:

http://brane-space.blogspot.com/2011/10/anti-vitamin-corporatists-strike-again.html

I showed how there is an entrenched "anti-vitamin" industry in this country, based on phoney medical or statistical tests, that has been trying for decades to convince people not to "waste money on vitamins", arguing that the only result is "very expensive urine". Well, now research shows this is so much codswallop, and that those of us who are diehard vitamin takers have been vindicated in spades. (Of course, this will never stop the anti-vitamin propagandizers from making their appointed rounds every year or so!)

As illustrated by the graphic (for cornmeal, as an example of one commonly used foodstuff), there has been a dramatic decline in conventional cornmeal vs. the version in red (more typical of what we received back in the 60s). What happened? Basically corporate agricultural, mass farming methods and "cheap food" - which as we see underscored the c-word in more ways than one, translating into cheapening of nutrients as well.

The chemical-biological basis? As agricultural breeders developed "improved varieties" that generated higher yields (to feed an ever expanding global population that's now reached 7 billion) they inadvertently incepted declining crop nutrient values. Or, if you want to put it another way: they succeeded in getting more quantity to feed the world's growing numbers, but at the expense of quality. This is something the faux physicians who lead phoney anti-vitamin studies will never tell you.

Indeed, as far back as 1980, Durk Pearson - then doing most of the vitamin research especially on supplements (such as choline, lecithin) that boost brain power, warned on numerous network appearances (I recall seeing one on ABC's 'Good Morning America' in August) that an "anti-vitamin backlash" would soon be underway. He argued that they would unleash a barrage of pseudo -statistical studies to try to show the "uselessness" of taking vitamins to supplement normal meals.

But the evidence today supports his take that every manjack in the country, who isn't a rich bastard or member of the 1%, needs to be taking vitamin supplements to ensure they're getting all the proper nutrients in adequate amounts. (The 1% don't have to worry, since they needn't depend upon the cheap crops, foods emanating from corporate agri-business and genetically modified crap. Like tomatoes that are "preserved" by splicing them with mouse genes)

Take the calcium content of broccoli. Widely grown varieties in 1950 had about 13 mg/g of calcium but today's varieties provide only about 4.4 mg/g of calcium. Similar proportionate declines have been documented in meat, eggs, and dairy products. Prominent biochemist Bruce Ames argues that many Americans are not getting enough essential vitamins and minerals and that the health consequences of this lack include nutritional deficiencies, increased cancer risks, and accelerated aging.

In his paper: 'Increasing Longevity By Tuning Up Metabolism' Ames points out that the 25% of Americans who eat the least veggies and fruits -or obtain the least nutrients peculiar to them - have twice the cancer rates of the quarter of Americans that eats the most.

Bottom line conclusions from the most recent work, such as by Ames:

- Over the last 50 years, the amounts of protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, riboflavin, and vitamin C in conventionally grown fresh fruits and vegetables has declined by 50% or more.

- Wheat grown 100 years ago had twice as much protein as modern versions.


- Most of our agri-food crops, from lettuce, to broccoli, tomatoes, cauliflower, beans, peas, cabbage, etc. are so diluted that one would have to eat two to three times the amount daily to obtain an equal nutrient value to what one had in the 1960s. Thus, to do totally without vitamins, get set to eat four cauliflowers, three whole broccoli heads, eight oranges, five bananas (for potassium), ten tomatoes and three pounds of peas or beans!

The most often cited reason for the declines is the increased use of fertilizers and genetically modified crops to boost yields to feed larger world population. The problem is this has come at the expense of the nutrient density of the crops. The added fertilizers have also caused other problems, namely de-oxygenation of the oceans near continental margins, as I already indicated in a recent blog, e.g.

http://brane-space.blogspot.com/2011/12/cause-for-concern-de-oxygenation-of.html

Can we feed ten billion as the pro-population growth idiots claim? Probably. But the nutrient value of our food supply by then is likely to be so low...so absurdly below what's needed, that most of those additional people will die from cancer or some other malady predicated on major nutrient loss. (Assuming they don't take plenty of vitamin supplements). If they don't die of outright malnutrition, even as they fill their bellies with hollow corporate foods.