Friday, May 29, 2026

A Quantitative Look At The Physics Of Landau Damping (Conclusion)

We ended the previous part by making a change of variable: 

 x =   k vo t

I =   ò ¥-¥  dvo /vo2 {2 cos (kvo t') - 1]   +  k vo t  sin (k vo t)}   

= kt ò ¥-¥  dx /x2  [2 (cos x -1) + x sin x] 

è

I  = kt -2 ò ¥-¥  dx /x2  + 2 ò (cos x dx/x2  +  ò sin x dx/ x 

 I=  -kt ò ¥-¥  sin x dx/ x =   - kt p

The other term yields:  - 2 p

So:

I=  -  2p - kt p

dW(t)R   = -p / 2  (mv/ k)  f ' (v f(eE /m) 2  t

Using:   v =  w e / k

dW(t)R   =   -p / 2  (w e / k) 2  f ' (v f) t Ef ' (v f) E 2 (e/m) 2  

Now introduce substitutions:

f ' (v fno  g'(v f)

and:  vo  =  v   -  v f

(between wave and lab frame where v  is lab velocity, vo is wave velocity)

Make variable order change:  v =  vo  +   v f

In wave frame we have:

< dv(t)>xo

 (eE /m) 2 k/2  (1/ k 3 vo3) {2 cos (-kvo t') - 1]  + k vo t  sin (k vo t)}  

For energy change in lab frame:

   d e  = m/2 (v  +   dv)2   -  m/2 (v)2

energy change in wave frame:

(d e)o  = m/2 ( vo+    dv)2   -  m vo(dv)  +   O  (dv2 )   

N.B.     dv   =  v(t)  -  v(0)  = {vo(t)  +  v f}   - {vo(0)  +  v f}

=  vo(t)  -   vo(0)

Then:  dR   = ò ¥-¥  dv  fo(v< d e >xo

= ò ¥-¥  dv  fo(v) mv  < d v>xo

(dW R in wave frame)

Then after the wave-lab velocity change:

dW R   =  ò ¥-¥  dv fo(vo  +   v f(vo  +   v f)< d v>xo

Note the interaction is strongest near the phase velocity (v f):


Here a beam of electrons, all with speed v with respect to the laboratory frame and speed  vo  =  v   -  v f  in respect to the moving (wave) frame.

We then do a Taylor Expansion around   v f   to obtain:

fo(vo  +   v f)  =  fo (v f) +  vo  f' (v f)  +  ......

->

 (vo  +   v f)fo(vo  +   v f)  = vo f' (v f)  +  vo2  f' (v f)  + v f  fo (v f)  + vo vf'o v f

Then:  dW R   m ò ¥-¥   dvo [vo  f (v fvo v f f'o v f)] < d v>xo

                                                           {                                       }

The dominant term of the weak field (bracketed above) is Landau -damped. 

 Recall:  w e2 4p no e2 /m

  Thence:

 dW R   = -  w e3/8k2  g'(v f Et

Finally,

dWtot    +  dW R (t)   = 0   and: 

Wtot    =    (weRWE   =  E1 28p

But since:  WE   =  E1 2/ 16p

(weR)   =  2

And:

d/ dt (Wtot ) =  ¶ g L  Wtot   (For E1 (t) =    E exp (g L t)  )

Again for wave frame:

dW R   = -  we3/8k2  g'(v f E1 2 t

With damping factor:    g  =   (p/2) we3/8k2  g'(v f

Thus the Landau damping rate of the associated E-field:

g L  =  (p/ L)   w e 3   /  k 2   [g' (v f )]

No comments: