C.S. Lewis, noted Christian apologist and fictional author (The Screwtape Letters, The Chronicles of Narnia) appears to be enjoying a revival of sorts as a version of the former is currently displacing many other worthy books in our Springs school libraries.
Lewis, by his own accounts, certainly wasn't
dogmatic or doctrinaire. Indeed, it appears the evangelicals' love for him is
evidently based more on assorted canards and myths than reality. Hence we can collect these under a C.S. Lewis Mythology. All of this
lends an aura of enigma to Lewis' life and actual beliefs.
One of the myths is that Lewis used to be an "atheist" who eventually
found the light in his thirties and came back to Christianity. In fact,
like another Brit of renown - Antony Flew - Lewis was no
atheist. Flew himself was more a secular humanist than actual
atheist. But fundies and evangelicals made a huge deal over his "conversion".
The truth is somewhat more mundane and his book There Is a God,
is especially instructional. Just one minor little problem with that, Flew
never wrote the book! According to a piece (‘The Turning of an Atheist’) by
Getting back to Lewis, he was actually more a devotee of Celtic mysticism from his teens until his 30s, when he rejoined the Anglican Communion. For a great article skewering his so-called atheism see:
"Lewis must have been one really chicken-shit atheist. He certainly didn't bear himself with the confidence I have observed in every atheist I have ever met. In Surprised by Joy (now there's a Christian title for you), Lewis characterizes his and others' atheism as follows:
Indeed, Lewis's alleged atheism borders on the ludicrous. At the very least it's an infantile mutation ...probably much like the self-proclaimed "atheism" espoused by the Columbine Killers. In that respect, it isn't an atheism that any genuine atheist would recognize, far less embrace. But why be surprised, if so many also thought Antony Flew was a bona fide atheist?
Lewis' personal Christian re-awakening then spurred his Christian Apologias, including "Mere Christianity", "Miracles", "The Problem of Pain" and "The Screwtape Letters." Chronicles of Narnia can also be included since it plays and reads like a parable-based Apologia, with the evil doers clearly delineated and the Lion ("Aslan") obviously a stand-in for Christ, including the way he's seemingly offered as a blood sacrifice.
Meanwhile, in a kind of reverse theological psychology, Lewis, in The Screwtape Letters, fabricated an exchange of letters between Uncle "Screwtape" and demon nephew "Wormwood", wherein the mentor demon attempts to educate nephew on the fine points of tempting humans. The letters are elaborate and often go into moral fine points, conundrums and subtleties - so much so that if one isn't careful to remind himself it's clever fantasy - he can almost be lured into thinking these are two real demons communicating about human weakness.
At face value, Lewis’ unconventional morality lesson emerges as a creative masterpiece at getting the unwary to accept demonic reality and personalized evil. But even a minimal application of reason and numerical logic would disclose it is nonsense.
By way of example, in May of 1990 during a debate at
Obviously, if the world began with only a couple of thousand agents of temptation, they’d never be able to keep up with the "temptation burden" as the human population increased to hundreds of millions then billions! In this way I used an argument analogous to reductio ad absurdum to show Lewis’ Screwtape fable to be just that, an elaborate fable.
Lewis at the time of the original writing (1942), probably expected the serious rationalist to believe that such a clever parable could entice people to accept evil manifested in personal demons. In the same way, he probably expected the same in one of his most famous attempts at attacking Materialism. In that instance, he asserted that "Materialism is self-refuting" - in that if it denies everything (including God) except colliding atoms and molecules in the brain, then one can't possibly account for a consciousness capable of thinking, reasoning and even being critical of itself.
Alas, Lewis was tilting at the windmill of an ancient Materialism - the one conceived by the ancient Greek atomists Demokritos and Leucippus. The one in which matter is reduced to 'hard' atoms and molecules simply interacting with each other endlessly in a reductionist phantasm. It would be at least 15 more years before a quantum -based Materialism arose that embraced invisible fields, and waves as opposed to basing reality on hard particle interactions. This new view was perhaps embodied best in the quantum potential of physicist David Bohm:
VQ = {-ħ2/ 2m} [Ñ R]2 / R
I can't fault Lewis too much because in his simplistic approach as he couldn't have known how difficult issues of different forms of Materialism would subsequently become. In a stirring article appearing in Philosophy Now, (Nov./Dec. 2012, p. 28) Graham Smetham cogently argues that since formal quantum mechanics dispenses with the fiction of a truly objective observer (hence configurations of matter are dependent on the observer and his apparatus) then the mind cannot be reduced to the brain.
If any Materialist models do so, or regard
consciousness as an epiphenomenon, then Smetham dismisses them as
"false models of Materialism". They embody a false Materialism
because they attempt to explain something as complex as thought and
consciousness using simple molecular interactions.
Central to discriminating opposing Materialist models of mind are qualia.
The term refers to subjective properties perceived in the material world,
including colors, shapes and sounds (music). Arguably, none of these have
objective existence but are tied to our neural processing and mode of
consciousness. The qualia problem is often also called the Mary problem since
it presents a hypothetical character (“Mary”) who inhabits a black and white
world, but knows everything about colors in physics terms. Still, though she
knows what color signifies – a particular wavelength in the electromagnetic
spectrum – she has never experienced it. The qualia problem helps to
distinguish between what many call monistic physicalism and
what I refer to as quantum physicalism.
In this sense, and in hindsight, we now know that a crude version of the
monistic physicalist form of Materialism is what Lewis was actually
attacking - given THAT form demanded a hyper-reductionist format. Lewis'
problem then, wasn't God being omitted from the equation, but the absence of
the broad spectrum of quantum mechanics that enables a Materialist explanation
of consciousness without invoking supernatural essences.
One wonders how transformative a philosopher Lewis might have been had he had
at hand the insights of modern quantum mechanics.
But one thing we do know: his embrace of Anglicanism rather than
Christian Fundamentalism should come as no surprise and not be an enigma. Lewis
was a rationalist thinker to his dying day, and though he
're-converted' he never trusted ideologies or faiths (even operating
under the umbrella of Christendom) that arrogated to themselves all truth. This
is a cautionary note many of his fundie followers would do well to bear in
mind.
See Also:
Opinion | How atheists can fix a broken America - The Washington Post
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