Monday, December 22, 2025

Dismantling Of Premier Climate Research Facility Here in Colorado Will Have Repercussions Worldwide

                                 Trump ruling over a burning world of his own making

"Elect an incompetent, criminal buffoon whose only skills are self-promotion, grievance, and monetizing corruption this is what happens. The plan was never to govern—it was to loot, settle scores, and feed an ego. While Trump stuffed his pockets with bribes and favors, the country was deliberately distracted with a nonstop racist panic machine run by Stephen Miller and the theocratic zealotry of Russell Vought’s Project 2025. None of this was hidden. It was all in plain sight, shouted from podiums, white papers, and campaign rallies."- Washington Post comment

"The National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder has now reportedly been targeted for dismantling - not for performance -  but for political reasons. This comes directly on the heels of a demand that our Gov. Jared Polis pardon Tina Peters = a demand the governor lawfully refused. This should concern every American.

NCAR is not a regional institution it is a national and global scientific asset. Its research improves weather forecasting, disaster preparedness, wildfire and flood modeling, aviation safety, water management and national security planning. NCAR's work saves lives, reduces economic losses from extreme weather, and provides critical data relied upon by U.S. allies around the world.

Weakening or dismantling NCAR would have consequences far beyond Colorado.  It would degrade disaster response, undermine U.S. scientific leadership, and weaken international cooperation at a time when shared data and modeling are essential for public safety and security. It would also drive scientific talent out of the United States.

More troubling is the precedent this sets. Using federal power to punish a state by targeting a life-saving scientific institution is not governance. This is exactly how democratic erosion happens, quietly, vindictively, and dressed up as policy.

Scientific institutions exist to serve the public interests, not s political loyalty tests. NCAR is not a bargaining chip. It is a public safety resource, a national security asset and a pillar of American credibility abroad.  Lawmakers at every level- regardless of party - should act now to protect NCAR and make clear that retaliation has no place in federal decision making". - Letter published in Denver Post, Dec. 19th..



 We now know the craven wretchedness of the criminal Trump administration knows no bounds.  They will readily destroy public safety as well as overall national security - if it suits their overseer Capt. Bonespurs. A report last week out of the WPost and WSJ said it will be dismantling the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Colorado, one of the world’s leading Earth science research institutions. The center, founded in 1960, is responsible for many of the biggest scientific advances in humanity’s understanding of weather and climate. Its research aircraft and sophisticated computer models of the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans are widely used in forecasting weather events and disasters around the country, and its scientists study a broad range of topics, including air pollution, ocean currents and global warming.

Make no mistake, this is a titanic, ill-conceived move and mostly based on retribution. Retribution for state lawmakers not pardoning the screwball MAGA roach Tina Peters. USAToday reported last week the dispute stems from the case of a former state election official in Colorado, Tina Peters; The despicable imp was convicted of multiple felonies after she gave Trump’s supporters unauthorized access to voting machines after the 2020 presidential election. Trump issued a performative pardon of Peters, but she remains behind bars.  Why? Well, because federal or White House pardons have no effect for a felon who's violated STATE laws - especially voting laws. 

But leave it to the reprehensible Trumper criminals  and cockroaches to cloak the actual reason in bullshit bafflegab and misdirection common to political poltroons.  Case in point: In a social media post announcing the move late last Tuesday, Russell 'Viper' Vought, the director of the Office of Management and Budget, called the center “one of the largest sources of climate alarmism in the country” and said that the federal government would be “breaking up” the institution.

Of course this is blatant Trumper Tommyrot.  NCAR is now widely considered as a global leader in both weather and climate change research, with programs aimed at tracking severe weather events, modeling floods and understanding how solar activity affects the Earth’s atmosphere. As clearly expressed by the Denver Post letter writer at top of this post:

"NCAR's work saves lives, reduces economic losses from extreme weather, and provides critical data relied upon by U.S. allies around the world. Weakening or dismantling NCAR would have consequences far beyond Colorado.  It would degrade disaster response, undermine U.S. scientific leadership, and weaken international cooperation at a time when shared data and modeling are essential for public safety and security. It would also drive scientific talent out of the United States."

She isn't just 'whistling Dixie'. Katharine Hayhoe, a climate scientist at Texas Tech University, wrote on X that the institution is “quite literally our global mothership.” She said nearly everyone who researches climate and weather around the world has worked at or with NCAR.  Also:


"It supports the scientists who fly into hurricanes, the meteorologists who develop new radar technology, the physicists who envision and code new weather models, and yes — the largest community climate model in the world,”
 

Adding:

 “Dismantling NCAR is like taking a sledgehammer to the keystone holding up our scientific understanding of the planet.”

Scientists, meteorologists and lawmakers said the move was an attack on critical scientific research and would harm the United States .The National Center for Atmospheric Research was originally founded to provide scientists studying Earth’s atmosphere with cutting-edge resources, such as supercomputers, that individual universities could not afford on their own. 

The center’s research has often proved useful in unexpected places, such as when its studies of downdrafts in the lower atmosphere in the 1970s and 1980s led to development of wind shear detection systems around airports that helped address the cause of hundreds of aviation accidents during that era. That very capability came into play for me in August, 1985, when the Delta commercial jet I was on had to have landing delayed in Fairbanks, AK because of detected wind shear. We had to fly back to Anchorage then try again - successfully completing our landing some 3 1/2 hours later.  This is a capacity the Trumpers now want to take a sledge hammer to.

To be sure, the Trumper EPA telegraphed its plans back in July, where in a July 30 post I noted the plan to " end EPA regulations on greenhouse gases emitted by vehicles from lightweight cars to heavy-duty trucks, while also undercutting rules that limit power plant emissions and control the release of methane by oil and gas companies."

Adding:

"The EPA’s new proposal - following the corrupt Supreme Court ruling earlier -  argues that Congress, in the Clean Air Act, does not give the agency the authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions."

Of course, Vought and his cabal putting the facility on the chopping block would also be an economic blow to Colorado. Traitor Trump has feuded with Gov. Jared Polis, a Democrat, in recent weeks, calling him a “weak and pathetic man” and accusing the governor with no evidence of being “run” by Venezuelan gang members. But would anyone with half a brain believe a screw loose orange twit who lost it in a blubbering 18 minute spiel to the nation last Wednesday?  No, you'd want to see this guy committed. Or at least removed - for his own good and ours - under the 25th amendment.

This crucial lab is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), a nonprofit consortium of more than 100 universities, but the vast majority of its funding comes from the federal government, through hundreds of millions of dollars in grants from the National Science Foundation, a federal agency. So by taking over the NSF funding like these maggots have the Kennedy Center in D.C. (defiling the building with Trump's name added) they have kneecapped the state, and the global community that depends on accurate climate and weather analysis.

Hence, what the Trump terrorists have done now with this insane move is to put us directly in the maw of woeful catastrophe with no foresight warnings for countless weather or climate horrors. Conditions rapidly gathering for an F5 tornado in Kansas? Good luck! You're on your own.

Already, Record-setting temperatures and rainfall in the Arctic over the past year sped up the melting of permafrost and washed toxic minerals into more than 200 rivers across northern Alaska, threatening vital salmon runs, according to a report card issued by federal scientists.

The report, compiled by dozens of academic and government scientists and coordinated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, documented rapid environmental changes from Norway’s Svalbard Island to the Greenland ice sheet and the tundra of northern Canada and Alaska.

Between October 2024 and September 2025, the period from when the ground begins to freeze until the end of summer, surface air temperatures were the warmest on record dating back 125 years, the report found.

A tributary of the Kugaaruk River in northern Alaska turning orange from elevated heavy metal concentrations

Increased CO2 concentration poised to trigger the Runaway Greenhouse Effect? Expect no notice from UCAR.  Just get ready to buckle up and prepare for decades of climate horrors thanks to the bevy of morons who elected Trump in 2024. Buying his lies about ending inflation (and the Ukraine war "the first day") hook, line and sinker.

See Also:

Trump moves to shut down NCAR, the Boulder climate research center

And:

Trump Takes America’s ‘Imperial Presidency’ to a New Level - The New York Times

Excerpt:

"Nearly 250 years after American colonists threw off their king, this is arguably the closest the country has come during a time of general peace to the centralized authority of a monarch. Mr. Trump takes it upon himself to reinterpret a constitutional amendment and to eviscerate agencies and departments created by Congress. He dictates to private institutions how to run their affairs. He sends troops into American streets and wages an unauthorized war against nonmilitary boats in the Caribbean. He openly uses law enforcement for what his own chief of staff calls “score settling” against his enemies, he dispenses pardons to favored allies and he equates criticism to sedition punishable by death."


And:

Of Course A Felon President Would Want To Pardon A Felon Elections Clerk - But It Ain't Gonna Work Here In Colorado

And:

And:

Climate Study Addition Of "57 Superhot" Days A Year Bears Further Analysis (Also Chat GPT's Input)

And:

by C.J. Polychroniou | December 21, 2025 - 5:44am | permalink

— from Truthout

Since 2010, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has required large industrial facilities to report their greenhouse gas emissions. The data, which the EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program has been collecting since 2011, is essential in efforts to reduce emissions and provides vital information to the public about climate pollution from the largest U.S. polluters. However, the Trump EPA has proposed to put an end to greenhouse gas reporting by major polluters. This move is consistent with the Trump administration’s intent to make climate denial an official U.S. policy and restricts the public from the right to know. Subsequently, it will deprive communities from having access to a critical tool for holding pollutants accountable.

Researchers at the Political Economy Research Institute (PERI) at the University of Massachusetts Amherst have been using EPA data for many years now to rank the top U.S. polluters and disseminate vital information to the public. They publish their findings annually and have just released the 2025 edition of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Index. In the interview that follows, Michael Ash, professor of economics and public policy and co-director of PERI’s Corporate Toxics Information Project, shares the latest data on the top U.S. climate pollutants and discusses the consequences of the potential end of EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program in the fight against climate change and climate justice.

» article continues...

And:

by Robert Reich | December 19, 2025 - 6:19am | permalink

— from Robert Reich's Substack

Friends,

Today, after almost a year of Trump’s second regime, I want to talk about the challenge Trump and his regime pose to America’s moral purpose. The best way into the subject is, I think, to ask a few questions about what’s been happening, and then offer an answer to all of them.

Questions:

— Why does Trump’s latest National Security Strategy, released this month, make no distinction between despotism and democracy?

— Why is Trump abandoning Europe and siding with Putin over Ukraine?

» article continues...

And: 

Brane Space: An Earth Day Warning: Climate Hell On Its Way No Thanks To Dotard Trump

Solutions To Practical Astrophysics Source Function Problems

 The Problem:

Consider the solar half-sphere and the energy going into it each second.  We know on average photons are absorbed after traveling a distance with optical depth t =1 in the propagation direction. Averaged over all directions this corresponds to a vertical optical depth of t = 2/3. Based on this find:


a) The energy going into the half sphere each second.

Solution

This is just:   s(Teff)  =  p F = D 2p S =D 2p I

b) The change in (a) over each absorption and re-emission over vertical optical depth.

Solution:

Over a vertical optical depth one has t = 2/3, then:

D 2p S/D t   =   p F/ (2/3)  = 3p F/ 2   

or:

DS/D t   =   3p F/ 2 (2p) = 3F/4

c) The total absorption and total emission and the relationship between them, defined over all space.

Solution:

Over all space, the total emission = 4p S and the total absorption = 4p J, and by radiative equilibrium:   4p S = 4p J  so that S = J.



Friday, December 19, 2025

Heliophysics Summer School Will Be A Great Opportunity For Aspiring Space Physicists




Every now and then an opportunity arises - especially for university grads in astronomy and physics - that is too good to pass up. Such is the case with the recent announcement of the 20th Annual Heliophysics Summer School, sponsored by NASA and UCAR (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research).

 In conjunction with the Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science (CPAESS) they are joining forces to hold the  20th Heliophysics Summer School next year. For next summer they are seeking students to join up for a unique professional experience. These aspiring space physicists will learn about the exciting science of heliophysics as a broad, coherent discipline that reaches across space from the Earth’s troposphere to the depths of the Sun, and extends through time from the formation of the solar system to the distant future.

The focus of the 2026 Summer School will be on the connection between our understanding of fundamental physical processes throughout all domains of the heliosphere and the observational methods and subsequent data analysis to uncover those principles. Many of those were revealed to me for the first time when I attended the Solar Dynamics 2025 workshop in Boulder, back in February:

Looking Back On Last Week's Solar Dynamics Workshop - One Of The Best Meetings I've Ever Attended

And:

SDO 2025 Science Workshop: A Gathering of the Helio-hive!

The sessions, presentations of papers were fascinating and brought me up to date on how the SDO has been making monumental contributions to heliophysics. Among the most cogent research papers I saw presented:

Coronal dynamics: delving into the intricate relationship between solar corona processes, such as coronal heating, waves, and jets, and the formation of the solar wind.

Impacts of Solar Variability on Earth, Other Planets, and Space Weather: SDO has been fundamental in providing observations for studying the Sun's region of influence, the heliosphere.

And:

Stellar insights from the SDO Observations :The Sun, our closest star and the only one we can observe with spatial resolution, serves as a paradigm for understanding stellar phenomena

 I couldn't help but wistfully ruminate on how much further my own solar research would have been had I the benefit of heliospheric research like the SDO now provides, and the Heliospheric Summer School will - for new grads.

They will learn about processes across the heliosphere - such as solar wind evolution and interactions with planetary bodies, solar EUV emissions, or atmospheric outflows from planets - such as described by the evolutions of physical parameters - e.g. temperature, magnetic field, energetic particle, or UV spectra. 

Also familiarity with new spacecraft and ground-based observations which generate a tremendous amount of data that can be used to further our understanding of heliophysics.  In addition, exposure to merging approaches and algorithms that extract information from data produced by physical sensors, discover patterns and causations, make predictions, and advance foundational understanding using a variety of tools including artificial intelligence and machine learning will be explored.

Through expert lectures and interactive experiences, participants will explore the fundamental observation strategies and emerging data analysis used to infer the physical parameters and how they are used to address scientific questions throughout the domains of heliophysics. 

The school will include lectures, laboratories, and recitations from world experts, and will draw material from the Principles of Heliophysics textbook: a textbook on the universal processes behind planetary habitability, available online with free access. It will also make use of data from past and ongoing NASA missions and model results such as those from the NASA Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC).

Approximately 28 lucky students will be selected through a competitive process organized by CPAESS/UCAR. The 2026 Summer School will be held in person, July 21 - 29, 2026, in Boulder, Colorado, and each participant will receive travel support to Boulder.

Below are the student application requirements:

  • Currently an advanced graduate student enrolled in a PhD program, or an early career researcher, including postdoctoral researcher, within the first two years of obtaining a doctorate.
  • Studying space physics, other space and planetary science, astronomy, engineering, and other fields related to heliophysics.
  • Pursuing a research career in heliophysics, astrophysics, or a related field.

If interested:

Visit the NASA Heliophysics Summer School webpage to apply.

Deadline for Application Submission: January 31, 2026 by 5:00pm MT.


See Also:


Thursday, December 18, 2025

Practical Astrophysics Focus: Applying the Source Function For Analysis Of Stellar Radiation


As a beam of radiation (Il)  passes through parallel-layered stellar gases, there will be emission and absorption along the way. The “source function” specifies the ratio of one to the other and can be expressed: 


S(
l) = e(l) / k(l)

where 
l again denotes wavelength, e(l) is the emission coefficient, and k(l
)  the absorption coefficient.

In the case of simple radiation transfer in a static model stellar atmosphere (e.g. nothing changes with time), we have the relation of radiation intensity I(
l) to source function S(l):

dI(
l)/ds = -k(l)  I(l) + k(l)  S(l)

 = k(l) [S(l) – I(l)] - 0

or I(
l) = S(l)

Now, for a black body, I(
l) equals the Planck function B(l) :

So, in effect, we have:

S(
l) = I(l) = B(l
)

And this is a condition which implies LOCAL THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM or LTE

LTE does NOT mean complete thermodynamic equilibrium!(E.g. since in the outer layers of a star there is always large energy loss from the stellar surface)

    Thus, one only assumes the emission of the radiation is the same as for a gas in thermodynamic equilibrium at a temperature (T) corresponding to the temperature of the layer under consideration.  Another way to say this is that if LTE holds, the photons always emerge at all wavelengths.

    Now, in the above treatment, note that the absorption coefficient was always written as: 
k(l) to emphasize its wavelength (l
) dependence.

    However, there are certain specific treatments for which we may eliminate the wavelength dependence on absorption, and simply write e.g. 
k  – to denote having the same  absorption value at ALL wavelengths! 


    This is what is meant by the “gray atmosphere” approximation.

    Here is a specific application of the gray atmosphere approximation. In a particular integral, let the surface flux

p( Fo ) = 2 p (I(cos (q)) = p [a(l) + 2(b(l)/3 ]

and F
lo = S(lt(l) = 2/3

which states that the flux coming out  of the  stellar surface is equal to the source function at the optical depth 
t = 2/3
. This is the very important ‘Eddington-Barbier’ relation that facilitates an understanding of how stellar spectra are formed.

Once one then assumes LTE, one can further assume k(l) is independent of l (gray atmosphere) so that:

k(l) = k;  t (l) = t  and Flo =  Bl (T(t = 2/3) )

    Thus, the energy distribution of F
l is that of a black body corresponding to the temperature at an optical depth t = 2/3.

    From this, along with some simple substitutions and integrations (hint: look at the Stefan-Boltzmann law!) the interested reader can easily determine:

p( Fo ) = (Teff)4 and Teff = T(t = 2/3)

where 
s
 is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. Thus, the temperature at optical depth 2/3 must equal the effective temperature!


Intensity and Moments of Intensity:

    For more detailed analyses, more complex mathematics is required. What follows should not be beyond the ability of anyone who’s done first year college calculus.  What we want is to first be able to write or express the emergent intensity as it’s depicted in Fig. 1. This is done by first writing:

Il (0,q) =   Ã²o z  Bl(t)  exp [(-tl / cos  q)] dt/ cos  q

where Bl(t)   is the Planck function, and the integral is taken from z = 0 to the point z in the interior.

 Next, since we’re dealing with the passage of radiation out of the star, we need the relevant equation of transfer.  This is best dealt with using integral with dx, and hence recasting the emergent intensity in the form:

 Il (0,q) =   Ã²o¥  B(x)  e (-x / cos  q) dx/ cos  q

 Then the appropriate equation of transfer would be:

dI = j dx -  s I (q) dx = (j - s I (q)) dx

 or: dI/dx = j - s I (q))

 After some further manipulation, and replacing x with t:

(cos  q) dI/ dt = I (q) – j/ s

 This is the important equation, in terms of emergent intensity, that embodies the conservation of radiant energy (i.e. no more radiation can flow out of a star’s surface than can be generated within it and which approaches that surface).

 Next, we want to be able to obtain an even more improved basis for our calculations and this entails getting the moments of the intensity. These are defined as follows:

 J = 1/4p  Ã² 4p  I (q) dw   (Mean Intensity)

Where dw is an element of solid angle - defined as (A/r2) for a sphere, for example. Thus a sphere with surface area A = 4p r2  has solid angle (4p r2 / r2 ) = 4p steradians. If we are only dealing with a sliver of emergent beam of area 0.01p r2  then the element of solid angle is:

dw  =  (0.01p r2 / r2) = 0.01p  sr

Or 1/ 400 the volume of  a sphere.  The next moment is:

H = 1/4p  Ã² 4p  I (q) cos  q dw  

This is defined as the “net flux” or the net energy breaching the stellar surface in units of net energy per second per unit area of that surface.

Finally, we come to the last moment of intensity:

K = 1/4p  Ã² p  I (q) cos q dw  

This is the energy density.

At this stage, we are in a position to use each of the above moments to further manipulate the equation 0f transfer.  We start by multiplying the  original equation of transfer: 

(cos  q) dI/ dt = I (q) – j/ s 

through by 1/4p  Ã² 4p  I (q) dw to get:  

dH/ dt = 1/4p  Ã²4p  I (q) dw  - 1/4p  Ã² 4p  j/ s dw 

This makes use of the definition:  dH/ dt =  J -  j/ s

Example Problem: Verify the above definition using the definitions of J, H and the transfer equation.  Thence arrive at a new form for the equation.

To solve, we multiply the equation of transfer through by H, or:

1/4p  Ã² 4p  I (q) cos  q d   i.e.   to get: dK/ dt = H 

Or more simply: 4p H = const. 

So, dH/ dt =  J -  j/ s = 0, and the equation of transfer now becomes:

(cos  q) dI/ dt = -I (q) + 1/4p  Ã² 4p  (q) dw    = - I + J

From here a number of specific assumptions are made in order to not have to evaluate the integral. The main one is the Eddington approximation which will apply to the quantities J, H and K, written as follows:

 1)      J = ½(I1 + I2)

2)      H = ¼( I1 -  I2)

3)  K = J/3

Next we focus on the boundary in the plane parallel atmosphere, and note that here the optical depth t= 0, and we must have  I= 0 also. Since I= 0  then:  H = ¼ I1 and  J = ½I1 so clearly: J = 2H.  Further, K = J/3 or  (½I1)/3  so K = Ht + const.

 This follows, since we had: dK/ dC = H  or dK = H dt and we know t= 0, hence Ht + const. on integration. From this it follows that:

J = H(2 + 3 t)  and K = J/3 = 2H/3

At the boundary everywhere.

 And since  H = ¼( I1 -  I2) = const.

 I1 (t) = H(4 + 3t)  and I1 (t) =  3Ht

 A special case occurs if the mean intensity J = B, the Planck function, then (since B »  sT4p):

J = H(2 + 3 t)   =  sT4p

  Therefore, the boundary temperature (To) approaches the value of the effective (or surface) temperature when t = 0. So we have the basic relationship:

sTo 4p = 2H

 And: sT4  sT4/ 2   [a + 3t]

In the limit of this approximation, Teff 4  = 2 T4

And hence:    Teff  = (2)1/4 To   = 1.189 To

Problem:

Consider the solar half-sphere and the energy going into it each second. We know on average photons are absorbed after traveling a distance with optical depth t =1 in the propagation direction. Averaged over all directions this corresponds to a vertical optical depth of t = 2/3. Based on this find:

a) The energy going into the half sphere each second

b) The change in (a) over each absorption and re-emission over vertical optical depth.

c) The total absorption and total emission and the relationship between then over all space.