1) Plot a graph of F vs. v for the case c s - v o < 0 and indicate the position of v max on the graph.
Soln.
2) Integrate the KdV equation:
a d2 V/ dx2 - (v o - c s ) v - v 2/ 2 = 0
And show how the soliton solution:
v = 3 (v o - c s ) sech 2 [(v o - c s / 4 a) ½ x' ]
Is obtained. Given this is in the fluid frame, show what it would be in the lab frame.
Soln.
Multiply the KdV eqn. by v' and then integrate to obtain:
a/ 2 (v' 2) = (v o - c s ) v 2/ 2 - v3/ 6
We choose the constant of integration to be zero because we want v' = 0 when v = 0. Then:
dv/ dx' = v' = ( 2/ a) ½ [ (v o - c s ) v 2/ 2 - v3/ 6 ] ½
Or:
dv/ [(v o - c s ) v 2/ 2 - v3/ 6 ] ½ = ( 2/ a) ½ dx'
Now integrate both sides to obtain:
ò dv/ Ö (v 2 - b v 2 ) = ò ( 2/ a) ½ dx'
Where b = 1/ [3
(v o - c s )]
Now let u = Ö (1 - b v) so v = (1 - u 2 ) / b
And du = (- b dv/ 2)/ Ö (1 - b v)
Then we are in position, with some labor, to work out:
( 2/ a) ½ x' = (2/ v o - c s ) ½ ln (1 - u/ 1 + u)
On introducing another compressed factor with an exponential, viz.
exp (g x') = (1 - u/ 1 + u)
with 1 - u = (1 + u) exp (g x')
It is straightforward to get to the final soln. The key penultimate step is:
v = 1/ b = 4 / [e x' /2 g - e - x' /2 g ] = 1/ b sech 2 (g x'/ 2)
Leading to:
3 (v o - c s ) sech 2 [(v o - c s / 4 a) ½ x' ]
In the lab frame (where x = x' + v o t) we have:
v (x, t) =
3 (v o - c s ) sech 2 [(v o - c s / 4 a) ½ (x' - v o t)]
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